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Oud, M.M.* ; Tuijnenburg, P.* ; Hempel, M.* ; van Vlies, N.* ; Ren, Z.* ; Ferdinandusse, S.* ; Jansen, M.H.* ; Santer, R.* ; Johannsen, J.* ; Bacchelli, C.* ; Alders, M.* ; Li, R.* ; Davies, R.* ; Dupuis, L.* ; Cale, C.M.* ; Wanders, R.J.A.* ; Pals, S.T.* ; Ocaka, L.* ; James, C.* ; Müller, I.* ; Lehmberg, K.* ; Strom, T.M. ; Engels, H.* ; Williams, H.J.* ; Beales, P.* ; Roepman, R.* ; Dias, P.* ; Brunner, H.G.* ; Cobben, J.M.* ; Hall, C.* ; Hartley, T.* ; Le Quesne Stabej, P.* ; Mendoza-Londono, R.* ; Davies, E.G.* ; de Sousa, S.B.* ; Lessel, D.* ; Arts, H.H.* ; Kuijpers, T.W.*

Mutations in EXTL3 cause neuro-immuno-skeletal dysplasia syndrome.

Am. J. Hum. Genet. 100, 281-296 (2017)
Verlagsversion Forschungsdaten DOI PMC
Open Access Green möglich sobald Postprint bei der ZB eingereicht worden ist.
EXTL3 regulates the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate (HS), important for both skeletal development and hematopoiesis, through the formation of HS proteoglycans (HSPGs). By whole-exome sequencing, we identified homozygous missense mutations c.1382C>T, c.1537C>T, c.1970A>G, and c.2008T>G in EXTL3 in nine affected individuals from five unrelated families. Notably, we found the identical homozygous missense mutation c.1382C>T (p.Pro461Leu) in four affected individuals from two unrelated families. Affected individuals presented with variable skeletal abnormalities and neurodevelopmental defects. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) with a complete absence of T cells was observed in three families. EXTL3 was most abundant in hematopoietic stem cells and early progenitor T cells, which is in line with a SCID phenotype at the level of early T cell development in the thymus. To provide further support for the hypothesis that mutations in EXTL3 cause a neuro-immuno-skeletal dysplasia syndrome, and to gain insight into the pathogenesis of the disorder, we analyzed the localization of EXTL3 in fibroblasts derived from affected individuals and determined glycosaminoglycan concentrations in these cells as well as in urine and blood. We observed abnormal glycosaminoglycan concentrations and increased concentrations of the non-sulfated chondroitin disaccharide D0a0 and the disaccharide D0a4 in serum and urine of all analyzed affected individuals. In summary, we show that biallelic mutations in EXTL3 disturb glycosaminoglycan synthesis and thus lead to a recognizable syndrome characterized by variable expression of skeletal, neurological, and immunological abnormalities.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter Exostosin ; Extl3 ; Heparan Sulfate ; Neuro-immuno-skeletal Dysplasia ; T Cell Scid; Heparan-sulfate Proteoglycans; Tumor Suppressors Ext1; Copy-number Variation; Exome Sequence Data; De-novo Mutations; Gene; Classification; Identification; Biosynthesis; Morphogenesis
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0002-9297
e-ISSN 1537-6605
Zeitschrift American Journal of Human Genetics, The
Quellenangaben Band: 100, Heft: 2, Seiten: 281-296 Artikelnummer: , Supplement: ,
Verlag Elsevier
Verlagsort New York, NY
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute of Human Genetics (IHG)