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Open Access Green möglich sobald Postprint bei der ZB eingereicht worden ist.
The spectrum of "off" in Parkinson's disease: What have we learned over 40 years?
Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 51, 9-16 (2018)
The terms "on" and "off" were used by Marsden and his contemporaries over 40 years ago to describe times when Parkinson's disease patients experienced good motor function ("on") and immobility ("off"). Yet there remains no published consensus definition of "off", leading clinicians and patients to develop individualized impressions of "off" determinations. In this paper, we first discuss the evolution of the terminology and understanding of "off" states since Marsden's time, which now include non-motor as well as motor symptoms. We then review pathophysiology and risk factors for the development of "off' states as well as tools to detect the "off" state, before proposing a practical definition of "off" for consideration. A common, practical definition of the "off" state could improve clinical recognition of "off' symptoms and lead to significant benefit for patients.
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Review
Schlagwörter
Off ; Wearing Off ; Motor Fluctuations ; Motor Complications ; Non-motor Fluctuations ; Parkinson's Disease; Duodenal Levodopa Infusion; Nonmotor Wearing-off; Motor Fluctuations; L-dopa; Extracellular Dopamine; Patient Questionnaire; Cognitive Impairment; Clinical-features; Amino-acids; Therapy
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1353-8020
e-ISSN
1873-5126
Zeitschrift
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
Quellenangaben
Band: 51,
Seiten: 9-16
Verlag
Elsevier
Verlagsort
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford Ox5 1gb, Oxon, England
Nichtpatentliteratur
Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
Institute of Neurogenomics (ING)