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Luek, J.L.* ; Harir, M. ; Schmitt-Kopplin, P. ; Mouser, P.J.* ; Gonsior, M.*

Temporal dynamics of halogenated organic compounds in Marcellus Shale flowback.

Water Res. 136, 200-206 (2018)
Postprint DOI PMC
Open Access Green
The chemistry of hydraulic fracturing fluids and wastewaters is complex and is known to vary by operator, geologic formation, and fluid age. A time series of hydraulic fracturing fluids, flowback fluids, and produced waters was collected from two adjacent Marcellus Shale gas wells for organic chemical composition analyses using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Hierarchical clustering was used to compare and extract ions related to different fluid ages and many halogenated organic molecular ions were identified in flowback fluids and early produced waters based on exact mass. Iodinated organic compounds were the dominant halogen class in these clusters and were nearly undetectable in hydraulic fracturing fluid prior to injection. The iodinated ions increased in flowback and remained elevated after ten months of well production. We suggest that these trends are mainly driven by dissolved organic matter reacting with reactive halogen species formed abiotically through oxidizing chemical additives applied to the well and biotically via iodide-oxidizing bacteria. Understanding the implications of these identified halogenated organic compounds will require future investigation in to their structures and environmental fate.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Korrespondenzautor
Schlagwörter High Volume Hydraulic Fracturing ; Marcellus Shale ; Flowback Fluid ; Produced Water ; Halogenated Organic Compounds
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0043-1354
e-ISSN 1879-2448
Zeitschrift Water Research
Quellenangaben Band: 136, Heft: , Seiten: 200-206 Artikelnummer: , Supplement: ,
Verlag Elsevier
Verlagsort Amsterdam [u.a.] ; Jena [u.a.]
Nichtpatentliteratur Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BGC)