The biopharmaceutical profile of a compound depends directly on the dissociation constants of its acidic and basic groups, commonly expressed as the negative decadic logarithm pK(a) of the acid dissociation constant (K(a)). We survey the literature on computational methods to predict the pK(a) of small molecules. In this, we address data availability (used data sets, data quality, proprietary versus public data), molecular representations (quantum mechanics, descriptors, structured representations), prediction methods (approaches, implementations), as well as pK(a)-specific issues such as mono-and multiprotic compounds. We discuss advantages, problems, recent progress, and challenges in the field.