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Jensen-Jarolim, E.* ; Bachmann, M.* ; Bonini, S.* ; Jacobsen, L.* ; Jutel, M.* ; Klimek, L.* ; Mahler, V.* ; Mösges, R.* ; Moingeon, P.* ; O Hehir, R.E.* ; Palomares, O.* ; Pfaar, O.* ; Renz, H.* ; Rhyner, C.* ; Roth-Walter, F.* ; Rudenko, M.* ; Savolainen, J.* ; Schmidt-Weber, C.B. ; Traidl-Hoffmann, C. ; Kündig, T.*

State-of-the-art in marketed adjuvants and formulations in Allergen Immunotherapy: A position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI).

Allergy 75, 746-760 (2020)
Verlagsversion Postprint Forschungsdaten DOI PMC
Open Access Green
Since the introduction of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) over 100 years ago, focus has been on standardization of allergen extracts, with reliable molecular composition of allergens receiving the highest attention. While adjuvants play a major role in European AIT, they have been less well studied. In this Position Paper, we summarize current unmet needs of adjuvants in AIT citing current evidence. Four adjuvants are used in products marketed in Europe: aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)(3)) is the most frequently used adjuvant, with microcrystalline tyrosine (MCT), monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and calcium phosphate (CaP) used less frequently. Recent studies on humans, and using mouse models, have characterized in part the mechanisms of action of adjuvants on pre-existing immune responses. AIT differs from prophylactic vaccines that provoke immunity to infectious agents, as in allergy the patient is presensitized to the antigen. The intended mode of action of adjuvants is to simultaneously enhance the immunogenicity of the allergen, while precipitating the allergen at the injection site to reduce the risk of anaphylaxis. Contrasting immune effects are seen with different adjuvants. Aluminium hydroxide initially boosts Th2 responses, while the other adjuvants utilized in AIT redirect the Th2 immune response towards Th1 immunity. After varying lengths of time, each of the adjuvants supports tolerance. Further studies of the mechanisms of action of adjuvants may advise shorter treatment periods than the current three-to-five-year regimens, enhancing patient adherence. Improved lead compounds from the adjuvant pipeline are under development and are explored for their capacity to fill this unmet need.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Review
Korrespondenzautor
Schlagwörter Adjuvants ; Allergen Immunotherapy ; Aluminium ; Microcrystalline Tyrosine ; Monophosphoryl Lipid A (mpla); Monophosphoryl-lipid-a; Calcium-phosphate; International Consensus; Biological Behavior; Aluminum-hydroxide; Vaccine Adjuvants; Dendritic Cells; Contact Allergy; Regulatory T; Rhinitis
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0105-4538
e-ISSN 1398-9995
Zeitschrift Allergy
Quellenangaben Band: 75, Heft: 4, Seiten: 746-760 Artikelnummer: , Supplement: ,
Verlag Wiley
Verlagsort 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
Nichtpatentliteratur Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute for Allergy Research (IAF)
Institute of Environmental Medicine (IEM)