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Sociodemographic and lifestyle-related risk factors for identifying vulnerable groups for type 2 diabetes: A narrative review with emphasis on data from Europe.
BMC Endocr. Disord. 20:134 (2020)
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) comprises the vast majority of all diabetes cases in adults, with alarmingly increasing prevalence over the past few decades worldwide. A particularly heavy healthcare burden of diabetes is noted in Europe, where 8.8% of the population aged 20-79 years is estimated to have diabetes according to the International Diabetes Federation. Multiple risk factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM with complex underlying interplay and intricate gene-environment interactions. Thus, intense research has been focused on studying the role of T2DM risk factors and on identifying vulnerable groups for T2DM in the general population which can then be targeted for prevention interventions. Methods For this narrative review, we conducted a comprehensive search of the existing literature on T2DM risk factors, focusing on studies in adult cohorts from European countries which were published in English after January 2000. Results Multiple lifestyle-related and sociodemographic factors were identified as related to high T2DM risk, including age, ethnicity, family history, low socioeconomic status, obesity, metabolic syndrome and each of its components, as well as certain unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. As Europe has an increasingly aging population, multiple migrant and ethnic minority groups and significant socioeconomic diversity both within and across different countries, this review focuses not only on modifiable T2DM risk factors, but also on the impact of pertinent demographic and socioeconomic factors. Conclusion In addition to other T2DM risk factors, low socioeconomic status can significantly increase the risk for prediabetes and T2DM, but is often overlooked. In multinational and multicultural regions such as Europe, a holistic approach, which will take into account both traditional and socioeconomic/socioecological factors, is becoming increasingly crucial in order to implement multidimensional public health programs and integrated community-based interventions for effective T2DM prevention.
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Review
Schlagwörter
Type 2 Diabetes ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Status ; Obesity ; Lifestyle ; Diet ; Ethnicity; Body-mass Index; Socioeconomic-status; Mediterranean Diet; Family-history; Cardiometabolic Risk; Waist Circumference; Cardiovascular Risk; Insulin-resistance; Physical-activity; Fat Distribution
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1472-6823
e-ISSN
1472-6823
Zeitschrift
BMC Endocrine Disorders
Quellenangaben
Band: 20,
Heft: Suppl 1,
Artikelnummer: 134
Verlag
BioMed Central
Verlagsort
Campus, 4 Crinan St, London N1 9xw, England
Nichtpatentliteratur
Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
Institute for Pancreatic Beta Cell Research (IPI)