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Vehik, K.* ; Bonifacio, E. ; Lernmark, A.* ; Yu, L.* ; Williams, A.* ; Schatz, D.* ; Rewers, M.* ; She, J.X.* ; Toppari, J.* ; Hagopian, W.* ; Akolkar, B.* ; Ziegler, A.-G. ; Krischer, J.P.*

Hierarchical order of distinct autoantibody spreading and progression to type 1 diabetes in the Teddy study.

Diabetes Care 43, 2066-2073 (2020)
Verlagsversion Postprint DOI PMC
Open Access Green
OBJECTIVE The first-appearing b-cell autoantibody has been shown to influence risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here, we assessed the risk of autoantibody spreading to the second-appearing autoantibody and further progression to clinical disease in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eligible children with increased HLA-DR-DQ genetic risk for T1D were followed quarterly from age 3 months up to 15 years for development of a single first-appearing autoantibody (GAD antibody [GADA], insulin autoantibody [IAA], or insulinoma antigen-2 autoantibody [IA-2A]) and subsequent development of a single second-appearing autoantibody and progression to T1D. Autoantibody positivity was defined as positivity for a specific autoantibody at two consecutive visits confirmed in two laboratories. Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) was measured in children who developed another autoantibody. RESULTS There were 608 children who developed a single first-appearing autoantibody (IAA, n 5 282, or GADA, n 5 326) with a median follow-up of 12.5 years from birth. The risk of a second-appearing autoantibody was independent of GADA versus IAA as a first-appearing autoantibody (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.12; 95% CI 0.88–1.42; P 5 0.36). Second-appearing GADA, IAA, IA-2A, or ZnT8A conferred an increased risk of T1D compared with children who remained positive for a single autoantibody, e.g., IAA or GADA second (adjusted HR 6.44; 95% CI 3.78–10.98), IA-2A second (adjusted HR 16.33; 95% CI 9.10–29.29; P <0.0001), or ZnT8A second (adjusted HR 5.35; 95% CI 2.61–10.95; P < 0.0001). In children who developed a distinct second autoantibody, IA-2A (adjusted HR 3.08; 95% CI 2.04–4.65; P < 0.0001) conferred a greater risk of progression to T1D as compared with GADA or IAA. Additionally, both a younger initial age at seroconversion and shorter time to the development of the second-appearing autoantibody increased the risk for T1D. CONCLUSIONS The hierarchical order of distinct autoantibody spreading was independent of the first-appearing autoantibody type and was age-dependent and augmented the risk of progression to T1D.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Korrespondenzautor
Schlagwörter Environmental Determinants; Respiratory-infections; Islet Autoantibodies; Zinc Transporter-8; Clinical Onset; Risk; Autoimmunity; Relatives; Prediction; Children
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0149-5992
e-ISSN 1935-5548
Zeitschrift Diabetes Care
Quellenangaben Band: 43, Heft: 9, Seiten: 2066-2073 Artikelnummer: , Supplement: ,
Verlag American Diabetes Association
Verlagsort Alexandria, Va.
Nichtpatentliteratur Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute of Diabetes Research Type 1 (IDF)