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Zhao, T. ; Triebner, K.* ; Markevych, I. ; Standl, M. ; Altug, H.* ; de Hoogh, K.* ; Schikowski, T.* ; Berdel, D.* ; Koletzko, S.* ; Bauer, C.P.* ; von Berg, A.* ; Nowak, D.* ; Heinrich, J.

Outdoor air pollution and hormone-assessed pubertal development in children: Results from the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts.

Environ. Int. 152:106476 (2021)
Postprint Forschungsdaten DOI PMC
Open Access Gold
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
BACKGROUND: Air pollution is hypothesized to affect pubertal development. However, the few studies on this topic yielded overall mixed results. These studies did not consider important pollutants like ozone, and none of them involved pubertal development assessed by estradiol and testosterone measurements. We aimed to analyze associations between long-term exposure to four pollutants and pubertal development based on sex hormone concentrations among 10-year-old children. METHODS: These cross-sectional analyses were based on the 10-year follow-up medical examinations of 1945 children from the Munich and Wesel centers of the GINIplus and LISA German birth cohorts. Female and male pubertal development was assessed by dichotomizing the concentration of hormones in serum at 18.4 pmol/L and 0.087 nmol/L using the lower limits of quantification for estradiol and testosterone, respectively. Land-use regression models derived annual average concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 and 10 µm (PM2.5 and PM10), as well as spatial models assessed yearly average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone, were calculated at the 10-year residential addresses. To evaluate associations, we utilized logistic regressions adjusted for potential covariates. The analyses were stratified by area and sex. RESULTS: Around 73% of the 943 females and 25% of the 1002 males had a high level of hormones and had already started puberty at the age of 10. Overall, we found no statistically significant associations between exposure to particles (PM2.5 or PM10) and pubertal development. Results on NO2 and ozone were not significant as well; for instance, per 10 µg/m3 increase in ozone concentration, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 0.900 (0.605, 1.339) and 0.830 (0.573, 1.203) for females and males, respectively. Stratified by area, the aforementioned results did not reveal any associations either. CONCLUSIONS: Our study did not observe the associations between ambient air pollutants and pubertal development determined by estradiol and testosterone levels in children. However, due to the current limited number of studies on this topic, our results should be cautiously interpreted. Future longitudinal studies are needed to assess the association.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Korrespondenzautor
Schlagwörter Air Pollutants ; Androgens ; Child ; Endocrine System ; Estrogens ; Puberty
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0160-4120
e-ISSN 1873-6750
Zeitschrift Environment International
Quellenangaben Band: 152, Heft: , Seiten: , Artikelnummer: 106476 Supplement: ,
Verlag Elsevier
Verlagsort The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford Ox5 1gb, England
Nichtpatentliteratur Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
Förderungen European Regional Development Fund under the Smart Growth Operational Programme
Federal Ministry for Environment, Germany (IUF)
Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology, Germany
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
Marien-Hospital Wesel, Germany
Pediatric Practice, Bad Honnef, Germany
Commission of the European Communities
7th Framework Program, E.U. (MeDALL project)
Mead Johnson Nutrition, USA
Nestle, Switzerland
China Scholarship Council, China
"NeuroSmog: Determining the impact of air pollution on the developing brain"
Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Germany