PuSH - Publikationsserver des Helmholtz Zentrums München: Earlier flowering of betula pendula roth in augsburg, germany, due to higher temperature, no<sub>2</sub> and urbanity and relationship with <em>Betula</em> spp. Pollen season.

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Kolek, F.* ; Plaza, M.P. ; Leier-Wirtz, V.* ; Friedmann, A.* ; Traidl-Hoffmann, C. ; Damialis, A.*

Earlier flowering of betula pendula roth in augsburg, germany, due to higher temperature, no₂ and urbanity and relationship with Betula spp. Pollen season.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 18:10325 (2021)

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Flowering and pollen seasons are sensitive to environmental variability and are consid-ered climate change indicators. However, it has not been concluded to what extent flowering phe-nology is indeed reflected in airborne pollen season locally. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the commonly represented in temperate climates and with highly allergenic pollen Betula pen-dula Roth, the responsiveness of flowering to different environmental regimes and also to check for commensurate changes in the respective pollen seasons. The region of Augsburg, Bavaria, Ger-many, was initially screened for birch trees, which were geolocated at a radius of 25 km. Random trees across the city were then investigated during three full flowering years, 2015–2017. Flowering observations were made 3–7 times a week, from flower differentiation to flower desiccation, in a total of 43 plant individuals. Data were regressed against meteorological parameters and air pollu-tant levels in an attempt to identify the driving factors of flowering onset and offset. Flowering dates were compared with dates of the related airborne pollen seasons per taxon; airborne pollen monitoring took place daily using a Hirst-type volumetric sampler. The salient finding was that flowering occurred earlier during warmer years; it also started earlier at locations with higher urbanity, and peaked and ended earlier at sites with higher NO2 concentrations. Airborne pollen season of Betula spp. frequently did not coincide locally with the flowering period of Betula pendula: while flowering and pollen season were synchronized particularly in their onset, local flowering phenol-ogy alone could explain only 57.3% of the pollen season variability. This raises questions about the relationship between flowering times and airborne pollen seasons and on the rather underestimated role of the long-distance transport of pollen.

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PuSH - Publikationsserver des Helmholtz Zentrums München

Earlier flowering of betula pendula roth in augsburg, germany, due to higher temperature, no2 and urbanity and relationship with Betula spp. Pollen season.

Earlier flowering of betula pendula roth in augsburg, germany, due to higher temperature, no₂ and urbanity and relationship with Betula spp. Pollen season.