During the transition from a healthy state to cardiometabolic disease, patients become heavily medicated, which leads to an increasingly aberrant gut microbiome and serum metabolome, and complicates biomarker discovery1-5. Here, through integrated multi-omics analyses of 2,173 European residents from the MetaCardis cohort, we show that the explanatory power of drugs for the variability in both host and gut microbiome features exceeds that of disease. We quantify inferred effects of single medications, their combinations as well as additive effects, and show that the latter shift the metabolome and microbiome towards a healthier state, exemplified in synergistic reduction in serum atherogenic lipoproteins by statins combined with aspirin, or enrichment of intestinal Roseburia by diuretic agents combined with beta-blockers. Several antibiotics exhibit a quantitative relationship between the number of courses prescribed and progression towards a microbiome state that is associated with the severity of cardiometabolic disease. We also report a relationship between cardiometabolic drug dosage, improvement in clinical markers and microbiome composition, supporting direct drug effects. Taken together, our computational framework and resulting resources enable the disentanglement of the effects of drugs and disease on host and microbiome features in multimedicated individuals. Furthermore, the robust signatures identified using our framework provide new hypotheses for drug-host-microbiome interactions in cardiometabolic disease.
Institut(e)Helmholtz Institute for Metabolism, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG)
FörderungenEMBL H2020 European Research Council Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre French National Research Agency National Center for Precision Diabetic Medicine -PreciDIAB French National Agency for Research European Union (FEDER) Hauts-de-France Regional Council European Metropolis of Lille (MEL) Novo Nordisk Foundation Isite ULNE ANR European Union's Seventh Framework Program for research, technological development and demonstration