Phytosterol serum concentrations are under tight genetic control. The relationship between phytosterols and coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversially discussed. We perform a genome-wide meta-analysis of 32 phytosterol traits reflecting resorption, cholesterol synthesis and esterification in six studies with up to 9758 subjects and detect ten independent genome-wide significant SNPs at seven genomic loci. We confirm previously established associations at ABCG5/8 and ABO and demonstrate an extended locus heterogeneity at ABCG5/8 with different functional mechanisms. New loci comprise HMGCR, NPC1L1, PNLIPRP2, SCARB1 and APOE. Based on these results, we perform Mendelian Randomization analyses (MR) revealing a risk-increasing causal relationship of sitosterol serum concentrations and CAD, which is partly mediated by cholesterol. Here we report that phytosterols are polygenic traits. MR add evidence of both, direct and indirect causal effects of sitosterol on CAD.
FörderungenMünchner Zentrum für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Turun Yliopistollinen Keskussairaala European Regional Development Fund Paavo Nurmen Säätiö Tampereen Tuberkuloosisäätiö Sigrid Juséliuksen Säätiö Sydäntutkimussäätiö Emil Aaltosen Säätiö Signe ja Ane Gyllenbergin Säätiö Juho Vainion Säätiö Suomen Kulttuurirahasto Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung EC | European Research Council (ERC) European Commission Yrjö Jahnssonin Säätiö Pfizer Tampere University Hospital Supporting Foundation Nationales Genomforschungsnetz (NGFN) MONICA Helmholtz Zentrum München–National Research Center for Environmental Health German National Genome Research Network German Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Technology German Diabetes Association German Center for Diabetes Research Finnish Society of Clinical Chemistry Diabetes Research Foundation of Finnish Diabetes Association Diabetes Hilfs-und Forschungsfonds Deutschland Projekt DEAL