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Biglycan, a danger signal that activates the NLRP3 inflammasome via toll-like and P2X receptors.
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 24035-24048 (2009)
The role of endogenous inducers of inflammation is poorly understood. To produce the proinflammatory master cytokine interleukin (IL)-1beta, macrophages need double stimulation with ligands to both Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for IL-1beta gene transcription and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors for activation of the inflammasome. It is particularly intriguing to define how this complex regulation is mediated in the absence of an infectious trigger. Biglycan, a ubiquitous leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan of the extracellular matrix, interacts with TLR2/4 on macrophages. The objective of this study was to define the role of biglycan in the synthesis and activation of IL-1beta. Here we show that in macrophages, soluble biglycan induces the NLRP3/ASC inflammasome, activating caspase-1 and releasing mature IL-1beta without the need for additional costimulatory factors. This is brought about by the interaction of biglycan with TLR2/4 and purinergic P2X(4)/P2X(7) receptors, which induces receptor cooperativity. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species formation is involved in biglycan-mediated activation of the inflammasome. By signaling through TLR2/4, biglycan stimulates the expression of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1beta mRNA. Both in a model of non-infectious inflammatory renal injury (unilateral ureteral obstruction) and in lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis, biglycan-deficient mice displayed lower levels of active caspase-1 and mature IL-1beta in the kidney, lung, and circulation. Our results provide evidence for direct activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by biglycan and describe a fundamental paradigm of how tissue stress or injury is monitored by innate immune receptors detecting the release of the extracellular matrix components and turning such a signal into a robust inflammatory response.
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter
LEUCINE-RICH PROTEOGLYCANS; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; NALP3 INFLAMMASOME; CASPASE-1; IL-1-BETA; HYALURONAN; GENE; ATP; MACROPHAGES; SECRETION
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0021-9258
e-ISSN
1083-351X
Zeitschrift
Journal of Biological Chemistry, The
Quellenangaben
Band: 284,
Heft: 36,
Seiten: 24035-24048
Verlag
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)