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Hu, Y. ; Rehawi, G. ; Moyon, L. ; Gerstner, N. ; Ogris, C. ; Knauer-Arloth, J. ; Bittner, F.* ; Marsico, A. ; Müller, N.S.

Network embedding across multiple tissues and data modalities elucidates the context of host factors important for COVID-19 infection.

Front. Genet. 13:909714 (2022)
Verlagsversion Forschungsdaten DOI PMC
Open Access Gold
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
COVID-19 is a heterogeneous disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Aside from infections of the lungs, the disease can spread throughout the body and damage many other tissues, leading to multiorgan failure in severe cases. The highly variable symptom severity is influenced by genetic predispositions and preexisting diseases which have not been investigated in a large-scale multimodal manner. We present a holistic analysis framework, setting previously reported COVID-19 genes in context with prepandemic data, such as gene expression patterns across multiple tissues, polygenetic predispositions, and patient diseases, which are putative comorbidities of COVID-19. First, we generate a multimodal network using the prior-based network inference method KiMONo. We then embed the network to generate a meaningful lower-dimensional representation of the data. The input data are obtained via the Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx), containing expression data from a range of tissues with genomic and phenotypic information of over 900 patients and 50 tissues. The generated network consists of nodes, that is, genes and polygenic risk scores (PRS) for several diseases/phenotypes, as well as for COVID-19 severity and hospitalization, and links between them if they are statistically associated in a regularized linear model by feature selection. Applying network embedding on the generated multimodal network allows us to perform efficient network analysis by identifying nodes close by in a lower-dimensional space that correspond to entities which are statistically linked. By determining the similarity between COVID-19 genes and other nodes through embedding, we identify disease associations to tissues, like the brain and gut. We also find strong associations between COVID-19 genes and various diseases such as ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension. Moreover, we find evidence linking PTPN6 to a range of comorbidities along with the genetic predisposition of COVID-19, suggesting that this kinase is a central player in severe cases of COVID-19. In conclusion, our holistic network inference coupled with network embedding of multimodal data enables the contextualization of COVID-19-associated genes with respect to tissues, disease states, and genetic risk factors. Such contextualization can be exploited to further elucidate the biological importance of known and novel genes for severity of the disease in patients.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Korrespondenzautor
Schlagwörter Covid-19 ; Machine Learning ; Multi-omic Integration ; Network Embedding ; Network Inference ; Polygenic Risk Score (prs)
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1664-8021
e-ISSN 1664-8021
Zeitschrift Frontiers in Genetics
Quellenangaben Band: 13, Heft: , Seiten: , Artikelnummer: 909714 Supplement: ,
Verlag Frontiers
Nichtpatentliteratur Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute of Computational Biology (ICB)
Förderungen Helmholtz Association
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Joachim Herz Stiftung
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
National Cancer Institute
National Human Genome Research Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse
National Institute of Mental Health
National Institutes of Health