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The bias from heaping on risk estimation: Effect of age at diagnosis of hypertension on risk of subsequent cardiovascular comorbidities.
Ann. Epidemiol. 74, 84-96 (2022)
Purpose: To investigate (1) the bias in effect estimation due to heaping or digit preference, (2) the association between age at hypertension diagnosis and risk of cardiovascular comorbidities, and (3) the influence of heaping on risk estimates. Methods: We performed a simulation study with various scenarios, binary outcome, and normal or lognormal distributed covariables. We calculated mean logistic coefficients under the original and heaped data and their relative deviation. The association of age at hypertension diagnosis and risk of ≥1 cardiovascular comorbidity was investigated using logistic regression among 50,858 participants in the NAKO Gesundheitsstudie (German National Cohort) who reported such diagnosis. We assessed the proportion of heaped observations and to what extent heaping may have influenced risk estimates. Results: Based on the simulation study and assuming 50% of observations in the variable of interest to be heaped, relative bias was <6%. In NAKO, a 5-year younger age at hypertension diagnosis was associated with a 15% increased risk of having ≥1 cardiovascular comorbidity. Observed heaping in age at hypertension diagnosis was 12.6%, and bias of the risk estimate was 0.14%. Conclusions: Bias in effect estimation due to heaping is low in most common scenarios. Younger age at hypertension diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular comorbidities.
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Scopus SNIP
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6.996
1.917
Anmerkungen
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter
Cardiovascular Comorbidities ; Digit Preference ; Effect Estimates ; Epidemiologic Study ; Heaping ; Hypertension ; Simulation Study
Sprache
englisch
Veröffentlichungsjahr
2022
HGF-Berichtsjahr
2022
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1047-2797
e-ISSN
1873-2585
Zeitschrift
Annals of Epidemiology
Quellenangaben
Band: 74,
Seiten: 84-96
Verlag
Elsevier
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
POF Topic(s)
30202 - Environmental Health
Forschungsfeld(er)
Genetics and Epidemiology
PSP-Element(e)
G-504000-006
G-504000-010
G-504000-010
Förderungen
Helmholtz Association
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
WOS ID
WOS:000860762600007
Scopus ID
85135913285
PubMed ID
35940393
Erfassungsdatum
2022-10-19