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Geiser, M.* ; Rothen-Rutishauser, B.* ; Kapp, N.* ; Schürch, S.* ; Kreyling, W.G. ; Schulz, S. ; Semmler, M. ; Im Hof, V.* ; Heyder, J. ; Gehr, P.*

Ultrafine particles cross cellular membranes by nonphagocytic mechanisms in lungs and in cultured cells.

Environ. Health Perspect. 113, 1555-1560 (2005)
Verlagsversion Volltext DOI PMC
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High concentrations of airborne particles have been associated with increased pulmonary and cardiovascular mortality, with indications of a specific toxicologic role for ultrafine particles (UFPS; particles < 0.1 μm). Within hours after the respiratory system is exposed to UFPs, the UFPs may appear in many compartments of the body, including the liver, heart, and nervous system. To date, the mechanisms by which UFPs penetrate boundary membranes and the distribution of UFPs within tissue compartments of their primary and secondary target organs are largely unknown. We combined different experimental approaches to study the distribution of UFPs in lungs and their uptake by cells. In the in vivo experiments, rats inhaled an ultrafine titanium dioxide aerosol of 22 nm count median diameter. The intrapulmonary distribution of particles was analyzed 1 hr or 24 hr after the end of exposure, using energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy for elemental microanalysis of individual particles. In an in vitro study, we exposed pulmonary macrophages and red blood cells to fluorescent polystyrene microspheres (1, 0.2, and 0.078 μm) and assessed particle uptake by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Inhaled ultrafine titanium dioxide particles were found on the luminal side of airways and alveoli, in all major lung tissue compartments and cells, and within capillaries. Particle uptake in vitro into cells did not occur by any of the expected endocytic processes, but rather by diffusion or adhesive interactions. Particles within cells are not membrane bound and hence have direct access to intracellular proteins, organelles, and DNA, which may greatly enhance their toxic potential.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Korrespondenzautor
Schlagwörter Aerosol ; Erythrocytes ; Lungs ; Macrophages ; Microscopy ; Nanoparticles ; Rats ; Surfactant
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0091-6765
e-ISSN 1552-9924
Zeitschrift Environmental Health Perspectives
Quellenangaben Band: 113, Heft: 11, Seiten: 1555-1560 Artikelnummer: , Supplement: ,
Verlag Research Triangle Park
Verlagsort NC [u.a.]
Nichtpatentliteratur Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)