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Blue-green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimers.

Plant Direct 7:e531 (2023)
Verlagsversion DOI PMC
Open Access Gold
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
Infection of Arabidopsis with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae and exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) both trigger hypersensitive cell death (HCD) that is characterized by the emission of bright blue-green (BG) autofluorescence under UV illumination. The aim of our current work was to identify the BG fluorescent molecules and scrutinize their biosynthesis, localization, and functions during the HCD. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, the phenylpropanoid-deficient mutant fah1 developed normal HCD except for the absence of BG fluorescence. Ultrahigh resolution metabolomics combined with mass difference network analysis revealed that WT but not fah1 plants rapidly accumulate dehydrodimers of sinapic acid, sinapoylmalate, 5-hydroxyferulic acid, and 5-hydroxyferuloylmalate during the HCD. FAH1-dependent BG fluorescence appeared exclusively within dying cells of the upper epidermis as detected by microscopy. Saponification released dehydrodimers from cell wall polymers of WT but not fah1 plants. Collectively, our data suggest that HCD induction leads to the formation of free BG fluorescent dehydrodimers from monomeric sinapates and 5-hydroxyferulates. The formed dehydrodimers move from upper epidermis cells into the apoplast where they esterify cell wall polymers. Possible functions of phenylpropanoid dehydrodimers are discussed.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter 5-hydroxyferulic Acid ; Autofluorescence ; Cell Wall ; Dehydrodimers ; Fah1 ; Hypersensitive Cell Death ; Sinapic Acid; Nitric-oxide; Resistance; Dehydrodimers; Phenolics; Acid
Sprache englisch
Veröffentlichungsjahr 2023
HGF-Berichtsjahr 2023
ISSN (print) / ISBN 2475-4455
e-ISSN 2475-4455
Zeitschrift Plant Direct
Quellenangaben Band: 7, Heft: 9, Seiten: , Artikelnummer: e531 Supplement: ,
Verlag Wiley
Verlagsort The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester Po19 8sq, W Sussex, England
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
POF Topic(s) 30202 - Environmental Health
Forschungsfeld(er) Environmental Sciences
PSP-Element(e) G-504900-002
G-504800-001
G-504991-001
Förderungen We thank Elisabeth Georgii for support with the statistical analysis. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
Scopus ID 85170675073
PubMed ID 37705693
Erfassungsdatum 2023-10-18