Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Lung transplantation remains the only curative option for patients with end-stage disease. A missing understanding of pathomechanisms and phenotypes of COPD hampers the development of novel therapeutic approaches. COPD is a disease of the aging population and is characterized by impaired regenerative capacity of the lung. Regenerative capacity is reduced in the aging lung which is caused by different cellular processes. Among those, cellular senescence is a main mechanism which is increased in COPD lungs. Cellular senescence impairs stem cell capacity and contributes to aging-associated chronic inflammation, so-called inflammaging. The therapeutic targeting of cellular senescence showed first promising results in preclinical experiments and suggests cellular senescence as a main target for personalized medicine approaches aiming at restoring the regenerative capacity of the COPD lung.