Astrocytes are specialized glial cells that are embedded in a framework of neurons and act as an interface between neurons and the vasculature in the brain. This privileged, interconnecting position has recently been shown to render these cells crucial in the central control of systemic metabolism by allowing them to sense and convey blood-borne information within the brain and, in turn, critically fine-tune properties of neuronal networks that calibrate energy intake and expenditure. For decades, however, these neuronal networks have largely occupied the limelight regarding the study of energy homeostasis. Accordingly, the aim of this chapter is to summarize the paradigm shift currently taking place in studies of the central control of energy balance occurring over the last years, from a rather “neurocentric” view towards a more holistic perspective in which the role of other cell types, such as astrocytes, is increasingly appreciated. Finally, we will discuss recent cutting-edge methodological approaches emerging in the field that allow for the study of astrocytes, presently or yet to be conceived, which will provide a further and more complete understanding of the central regulation of energy metabolism.