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Gado, M. ; Tsaousidou, E.* ; Bornstein, S.R. ; Perakakis, N.

Sex-based differences in insulin resistance.

J. Endocrinol. 261:e230245 (2024)
Postprint DOI PMC
Open Access Green
Sexual dimorphism in energy metabolism is now established and suggested to affect many aspects of metabolic diseases and in particular diabetes and obesity. This is strongly related to sex-based differences in whole-body insulin resistance. Women are more insulin sensitive compared to men, but this metabolic advantage gradually disappears after menopause or when insulin resistance progresses to hyperglycemia and diabetes. In this narrative review, first, we describe the pathophysiology related to insulin resistance and then we present the epidemiological evidence as well as the important biological factors that play a crucial role in sexual dimorphism in insulin sensitivity. We focus particularly on the differences in body fat and muscle mass distribution and function, in inflammation and in sex hormones between males and females. Most importantly, we describe the significant mechanistic differences in insulin sensitivity as well as glucose and lipid metabolism in key metabolic organs: liver, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Finally, we present the sex-based differences in response to different interventions and discuss important open research questions.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Review
Korrespondenzautor
Schlagwörter Glucose Metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipid Metabolism ; Sex ; Sexual Dimorphism; Free Fatty-acid; Cardiovascular-disease Risk; Subcutaneous Adipose-tissue; Lipoprotein-lipase Activity; Hormone-binding Globulin; Estrogen-receptor-alpha; Human Skeletal-muscle; Metabolic Syndrome; Diabetes Prevention; Possible Mechanism
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0022-0795
e-ISSN 1479-6805
Zeitschrift Journal of Endocrinology
Quellenangaben Band: 261, Heft: 1, Seiten: , Artikelnummer: e230245 Supplement: ,
Verlag Society for Endocrinology
Verlagsort Starling House, 1600 Bristol Parkway N, Bristol, England
Nichtpatentliteratur Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute for Pancreatic Beta Cell Research (IPI)
Förderungen Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) - Deutsches Zentrum fur Diabetesforschung (DZD e.V.)