Open Access Green möglich sobald Postprint bei der ZB eingereicht worden ist.
Sex-based differences in insulin resistance.
J. Endocrinol. 261:e230245 (2024)
Sexual dimorphism in energy metabolism is now established and suggested to affect many aspects of metabolic diseases and in particular diabetes and obesity. This is strongly related to sex-based differences in whole-body insulin resistance. Women are more insulin sensitive compared to men, but this metabolic advantage gradually disappears after menopause or when insulin resistance progresses to hyperglycemia and diabetes. In this narrative review, first, we describe the pathophysiology related to insulin resistance and then we present the epidemiological evidence as well as the important biological factors that play a crucial role in sexual dimorphism in insulin sensitivity. We focus particularly on the differences in body fat and muscle mass distribution and function, in inflammation and in sex hormones between males and females. Most importantly, we describe the significant mechanistic differences in insulin sensitivity as well as glucose and lipid metabolism in key metabolic organs: liver, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Finally, we present the sex-based differences in response to different interventions and discuss important open research questions.
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Review
Schlagwörter
Glucose Metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipid Metabolism ; Sex ; Sexual Dimorphism; Free Fatty-acid; Cardiovascular-disease Risk; Subcutaneous Adipose-tissue; Lipoprotein-lipase Activity; Hormone-binding Globulin; Estrogen-receptor-alpha; Human Skeletal-muscle; Metabolic Syndrome; Diabetes Prevention; Possible Mechanism
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0022-0795
e-ISSN
1479-6805
Zeitschrift
Journal of Endocrinology
Quellenangaben
Band: 261,
Heft: 1,
Artikelnummer: e230245
Verlag
Society for Endocrinology
Verlagsort
Starling House, 1600 Bristol Parkway N, Bristol, England
Nichtpatentliteratur
Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
Institute for Pancreatic Beta Cell Research (IPI)
Förderungen
Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) - Deutsches Zentrum fur Diabetesforschung (DZD e.V.)