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Ahmed, M.I.M.* ; Einhauser, S.* ; Peiter, C.* ; Senninger, A.* ; Baranov, O.* ; Eser, T.M.* ; Huth, M. ; Olbrich, L.* ; Castelletti, N.* ; Rubio-Acero, R.* ; Carnell, G.* ; Heeney, J.* ; Kroidl, I.* ; Held, K.* ; Wieser, A.* ; Janke, C.* ; Hoelscher, M. ; Hasenauer, J. ; Wagner, R.* ; Geldmacher, C.*

Evolution of protective SARS-CoV-2-specific B and T cell responses upon vaccination and Omicron breakthrough infection.

iScience 27:110138 (2024)
Verlagsversion DOI PMC
Open Access Gold
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron breakthrough infection (BTI) induced better protection than triple vaccination. To address the underlying immunological mechanisms, we studied antibody and T cell response dynamics during vaccination and after BTI. Each vaccination significantly increased peak neutralization titers with simultaneous increases in circulating spike-specific T cell frequencies. Neutralization titers significantly associated with a reduced hazard rate for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Yet, 97% of triple vaccinees became SARS-CoV-2 infected. BTI further boosted neutralization magnitude and breadth, broadened virus-specific T cell responses to non-vaccine-encoded antigens, and protected with an efficiency of 88% from further infections by December 2022. This effect was then assessed by utilizing mathematical modeling, which accounted for time-dependent infection risk, the antibody, and T cell concentration at any time point after BTI. Our findings suggest that cross-variant protective hybrid immunity induced by vaccination and BTI was an important contributor to the reduced virus transmission observed in Bavaria in late 2022 and thereafter.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Korrespondenzautor
Schlagwörter Immunology ; Microbiology ; Virology; Models
ISSN (print) / ISBN 2589-0042
e-ISSN 2589-0042
Zeitschrift iScience
Quellenangaben Band: 27, Heft: 6, Seiten: , Artikelnummer: 110138 Supplement: ,
Verlag Elsevier
Verlagsort Amsterdam ; Bosten ; London ; New York ; Oxford ; Paris ; Philadelphia ; San Diego ; St. Louis
Nichtpatentliteratur Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute of Computational Biology (ICB)
Unit Global Health (UGH)
Förderungen Horizon 2020 research and innovation program