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        C and N isotope fractionation during biodegradation of the pesticide metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM): Potential for environmental assessments.
    
        
        Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 1447-1454 (2012)
    
    
    
				2,6-Dichlorobenzamide (BAM) is a metabolite of the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), and a prominent groundwater contaminant. Observable compound-specific isotope fractionation during BAM formation-through transformation of dichlobenil by Rhodococcus erythropolis DSM 9685-was small. In contrast, isotope fractionation during BAM degradation-with Aminobacter sp. MSH1 and ASI1, the only known bacterial strains capable of mineralizing BAM-was large, with pronounced carbon (ε(C) = -7.5‰ to -7.8‰) and nitrogen (ε(N) = -10.7‰ to -13.5‰) isotopic enrichment factors. BAM isotope values in natural samples are therefore expected to be dominated by the effects of its degradation rather than formation. Dual isotope slopes Δ (=Δδ(15)N/Δδ(13)C ≈ ε(N)/ε(C)) showed only small differences for MSH1 (1.75 ± 0.03) and ASI1 (1.45 ± 0.03) suggesting similar transformation mechanisms of BAM hydrolysis. Observations are in agreement with either a tetrahedral intermediate promoted by OH(-) or H(3)O(+) catalysis, or a concerted reaction mechanism. Therefore, owing to consistent carbon isotopic fractionation, isotope shifts of BAM can be linked to BAM biodegradation, and may even be used to quantify degradation of this persistent metabolite. In contrast, nitrogen isotope values may be rather indicative of different sources. Our results delineate a new approach to assessing the fate of BAM in the environment.
			
			
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        Publikationstyp
        Artikel: Journalartikel
    
 
    
        Dokumenttyp
        Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
    
 
     
    
    
        Schlagwörter
        benzene biodegradation; herbicide dichlobenil; microbial dechlorination; organic contaminants; degradation pathways; carbon; soils; transformation; mineralization; hydrolysis
    
 
     
    
    
        Sprache
        
    
 
    
        Veröffentlichungsjahr
        2012
    
 
     
    
        HGF-Berichtsjahr
        2012
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        0013-936X
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1520-5851
    
 
     
     
     
	     
	 
	 
    
        Zeitschrift
        Environmental Science & Technology
    
 
		
    
        Quellenangaben
        
	    Band: 46,  
	    Heft: 3,  
	    Seiten: 1447-1454 
	    
	    
	
    
 
  
         
        
            Verlag
            ACS
        
 
        
            Verlagsort
            Washington, DC
        
 
	
         
         
         
         
         
	
         
         
         
    
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
    
        Begutachtungsstatus
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institut(e)
        Institute of Groundwater Ecology (IGOE)
    
 
    
        POF Topic(s)
        20403 - Sustainable Water Management
    
 
    
        Forschungsfeld(er)
        Environmental Sciences
    
 
    
        PSP-Element(e)
        G-504390-001
    
 
     
     	
    
        PubMed ID
        22191999
    
    
    
        WOS ID
        WOS:000299864400023
    
    
        Scopus ID
        84856695302
    
    
        Erfassungsdatum
        2012-02-13