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Exploring novel GSK-3β inhibitors for anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects: Synthesis, crystallography, computational analysis, and biological evaluation.
ACS Chem. Neurosci. 15, 3181-3201 (2024)
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DOI
PMC
In the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, the overexpression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) stands out due to its multifaced nature, as it contributes to the promotion of amyloid β and tau protein accumulation, as well as neuroinflammatory processes. Therefore, in the present study, we have designed, synthesized, and evaluated a new series of GSK-3β inhibitors based on the N-(pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide scaffold. We identified compound 36, demonstrating an IC50 of 70 nM against GSK-3β. Subsequently, through crystallography studies and quantum mechanical analysis, we elucidated its binding mode and identified the structural features crucial for interactions with the active site of GSK-3β, thereby understanding its inhibitory potency. Compound 36 was effective in the cellular model of hyperphosphorylated tau-induced neurodegeneration, where it restored cell viability after okadaic acid treatment and showed anti-inflammatory activity in the LPS model, significantly reducing NO, IL-6, and TNF-α release. In ADME-tox in vitro studies, we confirmed the beneficial profile of 36, including high permeability in PAMPA (Pe equals 9.4) and high metabolic stability in HLMs as well as lack of significant interactions with isoforms of the CYP enzymes and lack of considerable cytotoxicity on selected cell lines (IC50 > 100 μM on HT-22 cells and 89.3 μM on BV-2 cells). Based on promising pharmacological activities and favorable ADME-tox properties, compound 36 may be considered a promising candidate for in vivo research as well as constitute a reliable starting point for further studies.
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter
Adme ; Alzheimer’s Disease ; Edda ; Anti-inflammatory Activity ; Crystallography ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β ; Neurodegeneration; Alzheimers-disease; Tau Phosphorylation; Tnf-alpha; Synthase; Protein; Model; Brain; Neurodegeneration; Tideglusib; Activation
e-ISSN
1948-7193
Zeitschrift
ACS Chemical Neuroscience
Quellenangaben
Band: 15,
Heft: 17,
Seiten: 3181-3201
Verlag
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Verlagsort
1155 16th St, Nw, Washington, Dc 20036 Usa
Nichtpatentliteratur
Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
Institute of Structural Biology (STB)
Förderungen
Smart Growth Operational Programme POIR 4.2 project
qLIFE Priority Research Area under the program "Excellence Initiative-Research University" at Jagiellonian University in Krakow
Jagiellonian University Medical College
National Science Centre Poland
qLIFE Priority Research Area under the program "Excellence Initiative-Research University" at Jagiellonian University in Krakow
Jagiellonian University Medical College
National Science Centre Poland