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Amorim, V.E.* ; Silva Ferreira, A.C.* ; Cruzeiro, C. ; Cardoso, P.G.*

Enhancement of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) quantification on surface waters from marinas in the Douro River, Portugal.

Environ. Res. 262:119805 (2024)
Verlagsversion DOI PMC
Open Access Gold (Paid Option)
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
PFAS, known as "forever" compounds, are prevalent in various environments, including soils and aquatic systems, due to extensive usage. Surface waters in several European countries, especially marinas and ports with high boat traffic, require further study as potential contamination sources. Reliable methods for the extraction and quantification of these emergent compounds are essential. This study aimed to improve an existent solid phase extraction method to analyse marinas and ports' surface waters with variable salinities (2, 9 and 17 PSU). The objectives were to: 1) optimise the solid phase extraction method, considering matrix salinity effects and cross-contaminations, 2) validate the extraction and quantification method of 18 EPA 537.1 PFAS in estuarine surface waters, using the Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Quadrupole Time - Of - Flight - Tandem Mass spectrometry, and 3) apply the optimised method for PFAS quantification in three Portuguese marinas. All ICH criteria were successfully validated considering 9 PSU. Limits of quantification ranged from 117.80 ng/L to 385 ng/L, except for PFHpA (645.85 ng/L). PFAS levels (PFOA, HFPO-DA, PFBS, PFHxS and PFOS) were relatively low, reaching a maximum of 0.32 ng/L only for the PFOA. In Freixo marina, total average concentrations were slightly higher (∑PFAS= 1.02 ng/L) when compared to the ones found in Cais da Ribeira Port (∑PFAS= 0.94 ng/L) and Afurada marina (∑PFAS= 0.81 ng/L). PFOS concentrations are below the limit values set by the Environmental Quality Standards (36000 ng/L of PFOS for inland surface water, respectively), similar to other Portuguese river studies. This study enabled the development of a precise and reliable extraction and quantification method to quantify PFAS in estuarine surface waters, particularly from marinas. This method can be readily applied to analyse PFAS in other estuarine samples.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Korrespondenzautor
Schlagwörter Epa 537.1 Pfas ; Ich Guidelines ; Solid Phase Extraction ; Uhplc-qtof-ms/ms ; Estuarine Water ; Salinity Effects
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0013-9351
e-ISSN 1096-0953
Zeitschrift Environmental Research
Quellenangaben Band: 262, Heft: , Seiten: , Artikelnummer: 119805 Supplement: ,
Verlag Elsevier
Verlagsort San Diego, Calif.
Nichtpatentliteratur Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Research Unit Environmental Simulation (BIOP-EUS)