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Body mass index trajectories and association with tuberculosis risk in a cohort of household contacts in Southern Africa.
Clin. Infect. Dis., DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaf222 (2025)
BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated an inverse log-linear relationship between body mass index (BMI) and tuberculosis incidence. However, a person's BMI is dynamic and longitudinal changes may be more informative than cross-sectional assessments. We evaluate the association between cross-sectional and changing BMI and risk of tuberculosis and describe longitudinal trajectories in a high-risk cohort. METHODS: ERASE-TB was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of household contacts ≥10 years in Southern Africa (Zimbabwe, Tanzania, and Mozambique), with 6-monthly follow-up up to 24 months. Associations between BMI and tuberculosis were investigated based on baseline (including haemoglobin) and changing BMI, using logistic, Poisson, and Cox models. Prevalent tuberculosis was defined as diagnosis during <30 days after recruitment. Growth mixture modelling (GMM) was used to model longitudinal latent trajectories. RESULTS: Of 2,107 recruited household contacts (621 [29.5%] adolescents and 1,310 [62.2%] female), 520 (24.7%) were underweight. There were 21 and 41 people diagnosed with prevalent and incident tuberculosis, of whom 5/21 (23.8%) and 12/41 (29.3%) were underweight. Being underweight and anaemic (aHR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.50-9.51) and >10% negative change in BMI during follow-up (aIRR: 2.27 (95% CI: 0.22-22.9) were associated with increased risk of incident tuberculosis. The association between continuous BMI-for-age Z-scores were non-linear, with increased risk of tuberculosis with lower BMI. Four latent groups were defined in the GMM: increasing, decreasing, and low/high stable BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Declining BMI, regardless of absolute value, is a strong predictor of tuberculosis among household contacts. Longitudinal measurements should be considered in active case finding among tuberculosis-affected households.
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter
Body Mass Index ; Trajectories ; Tuberculosis ; Undernutrition
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1058-4838
e-ISSN
1537-6591
Zeitschrift
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Verlag
Oxford University Press
Verlagsort
Cary, NC
Nichtpatentliteratur
Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
Research Unit Global Health (UGH)