Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of common and low-frequency variants have discovered 164 genetic risk loci for restless legs syndrome (RLS) in adult populations of European ancestry. Sex-specific GWAS meta-analyses revealed largely overlapping genetic risk profiles for women and men and are in line with a nongenetic risk factor driving the higher prevalence seen in women. Genetic investigations of pediatric RLS are limited, but the likely inclusion of early-onset cases in GWAS of adult populations and the similar phenotypic presentation of both forms suggest that genetic risk variants identified in adult populations transfer to pediatric RLS.