Tobacco smoking, overweight, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, heavy alcohol consumption, a family history and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are known risk factors of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The risk of PDAC differs for sporadic and hereditary forms of CP. The risk of PDAC is most strongly increased in hereditary and genetically determined CP by 15–27-fold. These patients can be screened for early stage PDAC starting at the age of 40 years or at 20 years after the first attack of pancreatitis, whichever is earlier. Surveillance of PDAC is not generally recommended for patients with sporadic forms of CP. Time-limited PDAC surveillance for 2–4 years, however, may be considered in patients aged 60 years or over presenting with newly diagnosed etiologically unclear pancreatitis. Patients with CP should pursue a healthy lifestyle that includes following a balanced diet and avoiding excess body weight, pursuing an active exercise program and refraining from alcohol intake and above all from smoking tobacco.