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Gabriel, K.* ; Heinzerling, L.* ; von Baumgarten, L.* ; Subklewe, M.* ; Kobold, S.

The role of cytokines in cytokine release syndrome (CRS) after CAR T cell therapy.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell Res. 1873:120115 (2026)
Verlagsversion DOI PMC
Open Access Hybrid
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has transformed the treatment landscape for hematological malignancies. However, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) remains a common and potentially severe toxicity, significantly affecting patient safety and requiring intensive clinical management. This review provides a focused synthesis on the role of cytokines in CRS after CAR T cell therapy, integrating recent mechanistic insights with clinical implications. We delineate the cellular and molecular pathways involving key cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), describing their sources, downstream signaling events, and effects on target tissues. By bridging basic cytokine biology with clinical aspects and therapeutic strategies, this review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the role of cytokines in CRS pathophysiology, ultimately supporting the development of safer and more effective CAR T cell therapies.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Review
Schlagwörter Acute Lymphoblastic-leukemia; Axicabtagene Ciloleucel; Activation; Management; Blockade; Il-6; Neurotoxicity; Biomarkers; Safety; Easix
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0167-4889
e-ISSN 1879-2596
Zeitschrift Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research
Quellenangaben Band: 1873, Heft: 3, Seiten: , Artikelnummer: 120115 Supplement: ,
Verlag Elsevier
Verlagsort Radarweg 29, 1043 Nx Amsterdam, Netherlands
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Unit for Clinical Pharmacology (KKG-EKLiP)
Förderungen Dr. Rurains Foundation
Stiftu der Deutschen Wirtschaft (Studienfrderwerk Klaus Murmann) - (Elite Network of Bavaria)
Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF)
Deutsc Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
Melanoma Research Alliance
Marie Sklodowska-Curie Training Network for Optimizing Adoptive Cell Therapy of Cancer - Horizon 2020 programme of European Union
Horizon Programme of The EU
German Cancer Aid
Wilhelm-Sander-Stiftung
Ernst Ju Stiftung
Institutional Strategy LMUexcellent of LMU Munich
Bavarian Ministry for Economic Affairs, Bund ministerium fr Bildung und Forschung
Fritz-Bender Foundation
Hector Foundation
Bavarian Research Foundati (BAYCELLATOR)
Monika-Kutzner Foundation
Bruno a Helene Jster Foundation