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Schmid, J. ; Grill, P. ; Flexeder, C. ; Thiering, E. ; Buters, J.T.M. ; Wessels, I. ; Schmidt-Weber, C.B. ; Standl, M. ; Ocvirk, V.

Symptom probability increases at low pollen exposure in adolescents with allergic rhinitis findings from the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts.

Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 37:e70429 (2026)
Verlagsversion DOI
Open Access Hybrid
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
Background Pollen-induced allergic rhinitis increases significantly with age among children and adolescents and is associated with reduced quality of life due to symptom severity, social impacts, and decreased school performance. This study examines associations between pollen exposure and allergic rhinitis symptoms in German adolescents.Methods In the 15-year follow-up of the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts at the Munich study area, monthly occurrence of nasal symptoms was assessed in 1594 participants. Pollen concentrations of birch, grass, ragweed, and mugwort between January 2010 and March 2014 were considered. Monthly individual pollen exposures (grains/m3) were assigned as the sum of all pollen types to which participants were sensitized. Associations between pollen exposure and monthly nasal symptoms were analyzed using adjusted generalized additive mixed-effect models.Results A non-linear association between individual pollen exposure and nasal symptoms was observed, with symptom probability increasing significantly at low pollen concentrations and plateauing around 24 grains/m3 (birch) and 14 grains/m3 (grass). The non-linear association was evident during birch pollen seasons as well as early and late grass pollen seasons. Symptom probability increased more strongly in participants sensitized to birch and grass compared to those sensitized to grass only during grass seasons.Conclusion Even at low pollen concentrations, there is an increase in symptom probability of seasonal allergic rhinitis that remains elevated at high pollen concentrations in sensitized participants. Enhanced probability rates also remain in late seasons after the pollen peak. These findings show that allergic rhinitis patients cannot rely on high-pollen warnings but require accurate measurements to avoid exposure and allergic symptoms.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter adolescents; allergic rhinitis; birth cohort; epidemiology; pollen; pollen allergy symptoms; seasonal allergic rhinitis; Clinical Symptoms; Birch Pollen; Hay-fever; Prevalence; Asthma; Reactivity; Impact; Risk
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0905-6157
e-ISSN 1399-3038
Zeitschrift Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
Quellenangaben Band: 37, Heft: 7, Seiten: , Artikelnummer: e70429 Supplement: ,
Verlag Wiley
Verlagsort 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
Institute for Allergy Research (IAF)