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Mühlberg, K. ; Steiner, S. ; Elbaranes, N.* ; Vente, Z.* ; Scholz, M.* ; Scheinert, D.* ; Brunner‐Ziegler, S.*

Nutritional status in a contemporary urban population-based cohort: prevalence, clinical associations and long-term health outcomes.

Nutrients 18:3228 (2026)
Verlagsversion DOI
Open Access Hybrid
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
Background: Nutritional deficiencies are associated with poor prognosis in a wide rangeof illnesses. However, the prognostic impact of poor nutritional status with respect tolong-term all-cause mortality in the general non-diseased population is not well described.Objectives: This study sought to report the prevalence, clinical associations, and prognosticconsequences of poor nutritional status in a contemporary urban population in Germany.Methods: A cohort of 8398 participants from the LIFE-Adult Study was enrolled. Four objec-tive nutritional scores, the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), the Controlling NutritionalStatus Score (CONUT), the Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), and the Triglyceride CholesterolBody Weight Index (TCBI), were calculated at baseline, and participants’ nutritional statuswas classified according to score tertiles. The relationship between nutritional status andcommon risk factors as well as major diseases was assessed. In addition, the associationbetween poor nutritional status at baseline and the risk of all-cause mortality during aseven-year follow-up period was examined. Results: According to the WHO definition ofobesity, the LIFE-Adult Study cohort was, on average, overweight, with almost two-thirdsof participants (67%) having a BMI ≥ 25 and only 1% being underweight. However, poornutritional status was not associated with a specific BMI category. Higher age, femalesex, cancer, and chronic kidney disease were more common, whereas active smoking andhypercholesterolemia were less prevalent among participants in the lowest PNI tertile(p < 0.01). In the overall population, the cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality wassignificantly higher among participants in the lowest PNI, NRI, and TCBI tertiles and thehighest CONUT category (log-rank test, p < 0.01 for PNI, CONUT, and NRI, and p < 0.04for TCBI, respectively). After adjustment for confounding factors, the lowest PNI andNRI tertiles and the highest and medium CONUT categories remained independentlyand significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (all p < 0.01) inmultivariable Cox regression analyses. TCBI was not associated with all-cause mortality inany regression model. Conclusions: Poor nutritional status is associated with increasedmortality in the general population. Clinical trials are needed to prospectively evaluate theefficacy of nutritional interventions on health outcomes.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter nutritional deficiencies; nutritional scores; prognostic nutritional index (PNI); LIFE-Adult study; long-term survival
ISSN (print) / ISBN 2072-6643
e-ISSN 2072-6643
Zeitschrift Nutrients
Quellenangaben Band: 18, Heft: 19, Seiten: , Artikelnummer: 3228 Supplement: ,
Verlag MDPI
Verlagsort Basel
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG)