Posttranscriptional gene regulation is of great importance for a range of cellular functions. The active transport of transcripts and their local translation presents a mechanism important for embryo- and neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity, and stem cell differentiation. Impaired localization of transcripts result in erroneous embryogenesis, defective cell division, and neurological diseases. The DFG Research Unit FOR2333 has been established to mechanistically understand the processes of mRNA localization.