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Bouquet, A.* ; da Costa, C.A.P.* ; Boduch, P.* ; Rothard, H.* ; Domaracka, A.* ; Danger, G.* ; Schmitz, I.* ; Afonso, C.* ; Schmitt-Kopplin, P. ; Hue, V.* ; Nordheim, T.A.* ; Ruf, A.* ; Duvernay, F.* ; Napoleoni, M.* ; Khawaja, N.* ; Postberg, F.* ; Javelle, T.* ; Mousis, O.* ; Tenelanda Osorio, L.I.*

Sulfur implantation into water ice with propane: Implications for organic chemistry on the surface of Europa.

Plant. Sci. J. 5:102 (2024)
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We performed experiments of implantation of energetic sulfur ions (105 keV) into 2:1 water:propane ices at 80 K and analyzed the resulting refractory organic matter with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. Our goal was to characterize the organic matter processed in the surface conditions of Europa, where it would receive a heavy flux of energetic particles, including sulfur ions, and determine whether organosulfurs could be formed in these conditions, using the simplest alkane that can exist in solid form on Europa’s surface. We find that the produced organic matter contains a large variety of both aliphatic and aromatic compounds (several thousand unique formulae), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with masses up to 900 amu. A large number of aromatic hydrocarbons is found along with oxygenated, mostly aliphatic, compounds. Organosulfurs are found in both CHS and CHOS form, demonstrating they can be formed from any organic compound through sulfur implantation. These organosulfurs’ properties (aromaticity, mass) appear similar to the rest of the organic matter, albeit their low quantity does not allow for a thorough comparison. Our results have implications for the type of refractory organic matter that could be observed by the JUICE and Europa Clipper space missions and how the surface of Europa could generate complex organics, including PAHs and organosulfurs, that could then enrich the subsurface ocean. In particular, they indicate that a large diversity of organic matter, including organosulfurs, can be formed from simple precursors in a geologically short time frame under the ion flux that reaches Europa.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Korrespondenzautor
Schlagwörter Molecular Diversity; Hydrogen-peroxide; Ion-bombardment; Jupiters Moon; Ocean; Acid; Irradiation; Radiolysis; Bearing; Plume
e-ISSN 2632-3338
Zeitschrift The Planetary Science Journal
Quellenangaben Band: 5, Heft: 4, Seiten: , Artikelnummer: 102 Supplement: ,
Verlag Iop Publishing Ltd
Verlagsort Temple Circus, Temple Way, Bristol Bs1 6be, England
Nichtpatentliteratur Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Research Unit BioGeoChemistry and Analytics (BGC)
Förderungen
ANR IGLIAS of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche
Project FACOM - l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille Universite-A*Midex, a French "Investissements d'Avenir program''
French government
Region Normandie (RIN SCHINOBI)
CNES
Programme National de Planetologie (PNP) of CNRS-INSU