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EUGenMed ; Cardiovascular Clinical Study Group (*) ; Regitz-Zagrosek, V.* ; Oertelt-Prigione, S.* ; Prescott, E.* ; Franconi, F.* ; Gerdts, E.* ; Foryst-Ludwig, A.* ; Maas, A.H.* ; Kautzky-Willer, A.* ; Knappe-Wegner, D.* ; Kintscher, U.* ; Ladwig, K.-H. ; Schenck-Gustafsson, K.* ; Stangl, V.*

Gender in cardiovascular diseases: Impact on clinical manifestations, management, and outcomes.

Eur. Heart J. 37, 24-34 (2016)
Verlagsversion Anhang DOI PMC
Open Access Green möglich sobald Postprint bei der ZB eingereicht worden ist.
In the vast majority of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there are well-described differences between women and men in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, effects of therapy, and outcomes.1–3 These differences arise on one hand from biological differences among women and men, which are called sex differences. They are due to differences in gene expression from the sex chromosomes and subsequent differences in sexual hormones leading to differences in gene expression and function in the CV system, e.g. in vascular function and NO signalling, in myocardial remodelling under stress, or metabolism of drugs by sex-specific cytochrome expression. Sex differences are frequently reproducible in animal models. In contrast, gender differences are unique to the human. They arise from sociocultural processes, such as different behaviours of women and men; exposure to specific influences of the environment; different forms of nutrition, lifestyle, or stress; or attitudes towards treatments and prevention. These are equally important for CVDs. Both sex and gender (S&G) influence human development (Figure 1). Since it is almost impossible to distinguish properly between effects of S&G in the medical field, the EUGenMed writing group decided to discuss both of them together and to use the term S&G for all medical relevant differences between women and men in the present review.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Review
Schlagwörter Coronary-artery-disease; Cardiac-resynchronization Therapy; Elevation Myocardial-infarction; Aortic-valve Implantation; Ischemic-heart-disease; Sex-related Differences; Left-ventricular Structure; Fractional Flow Reserve; Adverse Drug-reactions; Preserved Ejection Fraction
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0195-668X
e-ISSN 1522-9645
Zeitschrift European Heart Journal
Quellenangaben Band: 37, Heft: 1, Seiten: 24-34 Artikelnummer: , Supplement: ,
Verlag Oxford University Press
Verlagsort Oxford
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)