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National Forest Inventories capture the multifunctionality of managed forests in Germany.
For. Ecosyst. 8:5 (2021)
Verlagsversion
Forschungsdaten
DOI
Background: Forests perform various important ecosystem functions that contribute to ecosystem services. In many parts of the world, forest management has shifted from a focus on timber production to multi-purpose forestry, combining timber production with the supply of other forest ecosystem services. However, it is unclear which forest types provide which ecosystem services and to what extent forests primarily managed for timber already supply multiple ecosystem services. Based on a comprehensive dataset collected across 150 forest plots in three regions differing in management intensity and species composition, we develop models to predict the potential supply of 13 ecosystem services. We use those models to assess the level of multifunctionality of managed forests at the national level using national forest inventory data. Results: Looking at the potential supply of ecosystem services, we found trade-offs (e.g. between both bark beetle control or dung decomposition and both productivity or soil carbon stocks) as well as synergies (e.g. for temperature regulation, carbon storage and culturally interesting plants) across the 53 most dominant forest types in Germany. No single forest type provided all ecosystem services equally. Some ecosystem services showed comparable levels across forest types (e.g. decomposition or richness of saprotrophs), while others varied strongly, depending on forest structural attributes (e.g. phosphorous availability or cover of edible plants) or tree species composition (e.g. potential nitrification activity). Variability in potential supply of ecosystem services was only to a lesser extent driven by environmental conditions. However, the geographic variation in ecosystem function supply across Germany was closely linked with the distribution of main tree species. Conclusions: Our results show that forest multifunctionality is limited to subsets of ecosystem services. The importance of tree species composition highlights that a lack of multifunctionality at the stand level can be compensated by managing forests at the landscape level, when stands of complementary forest types are combined. These results imply that multi-purpose forestry should be based on a variety of forest types requiring coordinated planning across larger spatial scales.
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter
Ecosystem Processes And Services ; Forest Management ; Forest Productivity ; Structural Diversity ; Trade-offs And Synergies ; Tree Species Composition
ISSN (print) / ISBN
2197-5620
e-ISSN
2197-5620
Zeitschrift
Forest Ecosystems
Quellenangaben
Band: 8,
Heft: 1,
Artikelnummer: 5
Verlag
Springer
Verlagsort
One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, Ny, United States
Nichtpatentliteratur
Publikationen
Förderungen
project 'BioHolz' in the funding program `Research for the Implementation of the National Biodiversity Strategy (F&U NBS)' by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF)
German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN)
German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB)
DFG
German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN)
German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB)
DFG