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Trần, T.T.* ; Oesten, M.* ; Griesshammer, S.G.* ; Malessa, A.* ; Shi, K.* ; Heckel, M.* ; Eskofier, B.M. ; Koelpin, A.* ; Ostgathe, C.* ; Steigleder, T.*

Radar-based inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratio estimation: A validation study.

Sci. Rep. 16:8256 (2026)
Verlagsversion Forschungsdaten DOI PMC
Open Access Gold
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
Respiration is a key indicator of health and wellbeing, with metrics such as respiratory rate (RR), inspiratory time (TI), expiratory time (TE), and the inspiratory-to-expiratory time (I:E) ratio offering insights into conditions ranging from acute life-threatening and chronic diseases to symptom management. While traditional methods already measure these parameters with high accuracy, they still require contact-based sensors, limiting their practicality for continuous monitoring. This study evaluates radar as a non-contact alternative by validating multiple radar-derived respiratory metrics against impedance pneumography measurements in 30 healthy volunteers at rest. Synchronous recordings from both modalities were analysed to assess agreement across methods using descriptive statistics, scatter plots, modified Bland-Altman plots, and equivalence testing (TI: ±0.3 s, TE: ±0.3 s, RR: ±2 brpm, I:E ratio: ±0.2). Equivalence testing indicated high correlation (p ≤ 0.001***) across all metrics, with 81.8% (TI), 77.6% (TE), 97.2% (RR), and 85.7% (I:E ratio) of values within predefined bounds. These findings highlight radar's potential for continuous respiratory monitoring, particularly in medical fields where minimizing patient burden is essential as in palliative, post anaesthesia, and intensive care settings.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter Biomarkers ; Inspiratory-to-expiratory Time Ratio ; Radar-based Vital Sign Monitoring ; Respiration; Inductive Plethysmography; Impedance Pneumography; Breathing Pattern; Ventilation; Spirometry; Disease
ISSN (print) / ISBN 2045-2322
e-ISSN 2045-2322
Zeitschrift Scientific Reports
Quellenangaben Band: 16, Heft: 1, Seiten: , Artikelnummer: 8256 Supplement: ,
Verlag Springer
Verlagsort London
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute of AI for Health (AIH)
Förderungen Friedrich-Alexander-Universitt Erlangen-Nrnberg (1041)