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Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
Variation of NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within 36 European study areas: Results from the ESCAPE study.
Atmos. Environ. 62, 374-390 (2012)
The ESCAPE study (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) investigates long-term effects of exposure to air pollution on human health in Europe. This paper documents the spatial variation of measured NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within 36 ESCAPE study areas across Europe. In all study areas NO2 and NOx were measured using standardized methods between October 2008 and April 2011. On average, 41 sites were selected per study area, including regional and urban background as well as street sites. The measurements were conducted in three different seasons, using Ogawa badges. Average concentrations for each site were calculated after adjustment for temporal variation using data obtained from a routine monitor background site. Substantial spatial variability was found in NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within study areas; 40% of the overall NO2 variance was attributable to the variability between study areas and 60% to variability within study areas. The corresponding values for NOx were 30% and 70%. The within-area spatial variability was mostly determined by differences between street and urban background concentrations. The street/urban background concentration ratio for NO2 varied between 1.09 and 3.16 across areas. The highest median concentrations were observed in Southern Europe, the lowest in Northern Europe. In conclusion, we found significant contrasts in annual average NO2 and NOx concentrations between and especially within 36 study areas across Europe. Epidemiological long-term studies should therefore consider different approaches for better characterization of the intra-urban contrasts, either by increasing of the number of monitors or by modelling.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Air pollution; Long term; Traffic; Spatial variation; NOx; NO2; ESCAPE study; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; PARTICLE NUMBER; CARDIOPULMONARY MORTALITY; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; SPATIAL VARIATION; HEALTH; FINE; EMISSIONS
Language
english
Publication Year
2012
HGF-reported in Year
2012
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1352-2310
e-ISSN
1873-2844
Journal
Atmospheric Environment
Quellenangaben
Volume: 62,
Pages: 374-390
Publisher
Elsevier
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
POF-Topic(s)
30202 - Environmental Health
30503 - Chronic Diseases of the Lung and Allergies
30503 - Chronic Diseases of the Lung and Allergies
Research field(s)
Genetics and Epidemiology
PSP Element(s)
G-504000-001
G-503900-001
G-503900-001
WOS ID
WOS:000311188200039
Scopus ID
84866301564
Erfassungsdatum
2012-11-09