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    Regulation of plant cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoforms by thiol modifications.
        
        Physiol. Plant. 133, 211-228 (2008)
    
    
    
	    Cytosolic NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenase (GAPDH; GapC; EC 1.2.1.12) catalyzes the oxidation of triose phosphates during glycolysis in all organisms, but additional functions of the protein has been put forward. Because of its reactive cysteine residue in the active site, it is susceptible to protein modification and oxidation. The addition of GSSG, and much more efficiently of S-nitrosoglutathione, was shown to inactivate the enzymes from Arabidopsis thaliana (isoforms GapC1 and 2), spinach, yeast and rabbit muscle. Inactivation was fully or at least partially reversible upon addition of DTT. The incorporation of glutathione upon formation of a mixed disulfide could be shown using biotinylated glutathione ethyl ester. Furthermore, using the biotin-switch assay, nitrosylated thiol groups could be shown to occur after treatment with nitric oxide donors. Using mass spectrometry and mutant proteins with one cysteine lacking, both cysteines (Cys-155 and Cys-159) were found to occur as glutathionylated and as nitrosylated forms. In preliminary experiments, it was shown that both GapC1 and GapC2 can bind to a partial gene sequence of the NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.37; At5g58330). Transiently expressed GapC-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins were localized to the nucleus in A. thaliana protoplasts. As nuclear localization and DNA binding of GAPDH had been shown in numerous systems to occur upon stress, we assume that such mechanism might be part of the signaling pathway to induce increased malate-valve capacity and possibly other protective systems upon overreduction and initial formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as to decrease and protect metabolism at the same time by modification of essential cysteine residues.
	
	
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
     
    
    
        Keywords
        protein S-thiloation; redox signal-transduction; DNA-binding proteins; nitric-oxide; arabidopsis-thaliana; hydrogen-peroxide; oxidative stress; biotinylated glutathione; proteomic identification; nuclear translocation
    
 
     
    
    
        Language
        
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2008
    
 
     
    
        HGF-reported in Year
        2008
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        0031-9317
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1399-3054
    
 
    
     
     
	     
	 
	 
    
        Journal
        Physiologia Plantarum
    
 
	
    
        Quellenangaben
        
	    Volume: 133,  
	    Issue: 2,  
	    Pages: 211-228 
	    
	    
	
    
 
    
         
        
            Publisher
            Wiley
        
 
         
	
         
         
         
         
         
	
         
         
         
    
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
    
        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institute(s)
        Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS)
    
 
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30202 - Environmental Health
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Environmental Sciences
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-504900-002
    
 
     
     	
    
    
        Scopus ID
        43149119739
    
    
        PubMed ID
        18298409
    
    
        Erfassungsdatum
        2009-09-10