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Lehmann, M.H. ; Kastenmüller, W. ; Kandemir, J.D. ; Brandt, F. ; Suezer, Y.* ; Sutter, G.*

Modified vaccinia virus ankara triggers chemotaxis of monocytes and early respiratory immigration of leukocytes by induction of CCL2 expression.

J. Virol. 83, 2540-2552 (2009)
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Orthopoxviruses commonly enter into humans and animals via the respiratory tract. Herein, we show that immigration of leukocytes into the lung is triggered via intranasal infection of mice with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and not with the vaccinia virus (VACV) Elstree, Wyeth, or Western Reserve (WR) strain. Immigrating cells were identified as monocytes, neutrophils, and CD4(+) lymphocytes by flow cytometry and could be detected 24 h and 48 h postinfection. Using an in vitro chemotaxis assay, we confirmed that infection with MVA induces the expression of a soluble chemotactic factor for monocytes, identified as CCL2 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1]). In contrast to infection with several other VACV strains, MVA induced the expression of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL10 in the human monocytic cell line THP-1 as well as in primary human monocytes. Thus, MVA, and not the VACV Elstree, Wyeth, or WR strain, consistently triggered the expression of a panel of chemokines, including CCL2, in the murine lung, correlating considerably with the immigration of leukocytes. Using CCL2-deficient mice, we demonstrate that CCL2 plays a key role in MVA-triggered respiratory immigration of leukocytes. Moreover, UV irradiation of MVA prevented CCL2 expression in vitro and in vivo as well as respiratory immigration of leukocytes, demonstrating the requirement for an activated molecular viral life cycle. We propose that MVA-triggered chemokine expression causes early immigration of leukocytes to the site of infection, a feature that is important for rapid immunization and its safety and efficiency as a viral vector.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords nf-kappa-b; chemoattractant protein-1 mcp-1; chemokine-binding-protein; alveolar macrophages; dendritic cells; t-lymphocytes; inhalation infection; gene-expression; mice; challenge
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0022-538X
e-ISSN 1098-5514
Journal Journal of Virology
Quellenangaben Volume: 83, Issue: 6, Pages: 2540-2552 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Virology (VIRO)