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Einsiedl, F. ; Mayer, B.*

Sources and processes affecting sulfate in a karstic groundwater system of the Franconian Alb, Southern Germany.

Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 7118-7125 (2005)

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Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.

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Chemical and isotope analyses on groundwater sulfate and ³H measurements on groundwater were used to determine the sulfate sources and sulfur transformation processes in a heterogeneous karst aquifer of the Franconian Alb, southern Germany. Sulfate was found to be derived from atmospheric deposition. Young groundwater was characterized by high sulfate concentrations and δ³⁴S values similar to those of recent atmospheric sulfate deposition. However, the δ¹⁸O values of groundwater SO₄²^- were depleted by several per mil with respect to those of atmospheric deposition. This isotopic shift is indicative of mineralization of carbon-bonded S in the vadose zone of the karst system. In groundwater with mean residence times of more than 60 years, a trend of increasing δ³⁴S values and δ¹⁸O values with decreasing sulfate concentrations was observed. This trend could not be solely explained by preindustrial atmospheric sulfate deposition with higher δ³⁴S values, and hence, we conclude that bacterial (dissimilatory) sulfate reduction in the porous matrix of the karst aquifer must have occurred. This process has the potential to contribute to long-term biodegradation of contaminants in the porous rock matrix representing the dominant water reservoir of the fissured porous karst aquifer.

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