Kowall, B.* ; Ebert, N.* ; Then, C.* ; Thiery, J.* ; Koenig, W.* ; Meisinger, C. ; Rathmann, W.* ; Seissler, J.*
     
    
        
Associations between blood glucose and carotid intima-media thickness disappear after adjustment for shared risk factors: The KORA F4 study.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        PLoS ONE 7:e52590 (2012)
    
    
    
      
      
	
	    Objective: The association between blood glucose and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is considered to be established knowledge. We aimed to assess whether associations between different measures of glycaemia and CIMT are actually independent of anthropometric variables and metabolic risk factors. Moreover, we checked published studies for the adjustment for shared risk factors of blood glucose and CIMT. Methods: Fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose, HbA1c, and CIMT were measured in 31-81-years-old participants of the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study in Southern Germany (n = 2,663). CIMT was assessed according to the Rotterdam protocol. Linear and logistic regression models with adjustment for age, sex, anthropometric measures, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia were fitted to assess the association between continuous measures of glycaemia, and categories of glucose regulation, respectively, with CIMT. Results: We found a 0.10 mm increase (95%-confidence interval: 0.08-0.12) in CIMT in subjects with compared to subjects without diabetes in crude analysis. This increase was not significant in age-sex adjusted models (p = 0.17). Likewise, neither impaired fasting glucose (p = 0.22) nor impaired glucose tolerance (p = 0.93) were associated with CIMT after adjustment for age, sex, and waist circumference. In multivariable adjusted models, age, sex, hypertension, waist circumference, HDL and LDL cholesterol, but neither fasting glucose nor 2-hour glucose nor HbA1c were associated with elevated CIMT. Literature findings are inconclusive regarding an independent association of glucose levels and CIMT. Conclusion: CIMT is highly dependent on traditional cardiovascular risk factors, but no relationships between blood glucose and CIMT were found after adjustment for age, sex, and anthropometric variables.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        Postchallenge Plasma-glucose ; Impaired Fasting Glucose ; Type-2 Diabetic-patients ; Cardiovascular-disease ; Atherosclerosis Risk ; Subclinical Atherosclerosis ; Nondiabetic Individuals ; Artery Atherosclerosis ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Wall Thickness
    
 
    
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        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2012
    
 
    
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        HGF-reported in Year
        2013
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        1932-6203
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 7,  
	    Issue: 12,  
	    Pages: ,  
	    Article Number: e52590 
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Publisher
            Public Library of Science (PLoS)
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            Lawrence, Kan.
        
 
	
        
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        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institute(s)
        Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
    
 
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30202 - Environmental Health
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Genetics and Epidemiology
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-504000-006
G-504090-001
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2013-02-14