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Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
Microglia emerge from erythromyeloid precursors via Pu.1- and Irf8-dependent pathways.
Nat. Neurosci. 16, 273-280 (2013)
Microglia are crucial for immune responses in the brain. Although their origin from the yolk sac has been recognized for some time, their precise precursors and the transcription program that is used are not known. We found that mouse microglia were derived from primitive c-kit(+) erythromyeloid precursors that were detected in the yolk sac as early as 8 d post conception. These precursors developed into CD45(+) c-kit(lo) CX(3)CR1(-) immature (A1) cells and matured into CD45(+) c-kit(-) CX(3)CR1(+) (A2) cells, as evidenced by the downregulation of CD31 and concomitant upregulation of F4/80 and macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor (MCSF-R). Proliferating A2 cells became microglia and invaded the developing brain using specific matrix metalloproteinases. Notably, microgliogenesis was not only dependent on the transcription factor Pu.1 (also known as Sfpi), but also required Irf8, which was vital for the development of the A2 population, whereas Myb, Id2, Batf3 and Klf4 were not required. Our data provide cellular and molecular insights into the origin and development of microglia.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Yolk-sac ; Transcription Factors ; Fractalkine Receptor ; Dendritic Cells ; Myeloid Cells ; Macrophages ; Brain ; Differentiation ; Heterogeneity ; Progenitors
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1097-6256
e-ISSN
1546-1726
Journal
Nature Neuroscience
Quellenangaben
Volume: 16,
Issue: 3,
Pages: 273-280
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Virology (VIRO)