Members of the nuclear factor B (NF-B) family of transcription factors regulate many cellular functions. Activation of NF-B signaling is commonly classified as occurring through canonical or noncanonical pathways. Most NF-B–inducing stimuli, including the viral oncoprotein Tio, lead to a concerted activation of both NF-B pathways; however, extensive crosstalk at multiple levels between these signaling cascades restricts the ability to discriminate between the canonical and the noncanonical effects. We showed that noncanonical NF-B activation by Tio depends on a distinct sequence motif that directly recruits tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 3 (TRAF3). Through its TRAF3-binding motif, Tio triggered a ubiquitin-independent depletion of TRAF3 from the cytosol, which prevented TRAF3 from inhibiting signaling through the noncanonical NF-B cascade. Furthermore, the Tio-TRAF3 interaction did not affect components of the canonical NF-B signaling pathway or the expression of target genes; thus, Tio induced noncanonical NF-B independently of crosstalk with the canonical pathway. Together, these data identify a distinct molecular mechanism of noncanonical NF-B activation that should enable studies into the particular functions of this pathway.