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Genetic manipulation of the Fusarium fujikuroi fusarin gene cluster yields insight into the complex regulation and fusarin biosynthetic pathway.
Chem. Biol. 20, 1055-1066 (2013)
In this work, the biosynthesis and regulation of the polyketide synthase/nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS/NRPS)-derived mutagenic mycotoxin fusarin C was studied in the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi. The fusarin gene cluster consists of nine genes (fus1-fus9) that are coexpressed under high-nitrogen and acidic pH conditions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed a correlation between high expression and enrichment of activating H3K9-acetylation marks under inducing conditions. We provide evidence that only four genes are sufficient for the biosynthesis. The combination of genetic engineering with nuclear magnetic resonance and mass-spectrometry-based structure elucidation allowed the discovery of the putative fusarin biosynthetic pathway. Surprisingly, we indicate that PKS/NRPS releases its product with an open ring structure, probably as an alcohol. Our data indicate that 2-pyrrolidone ring closure, oxidation at C-20, and, finally, methylation at C-20 are catalyzed by Fus2, Fus8, and Fus9, respectively.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Structure Elucidation; Secondary Metabolism; Moniliforme; Identification; Fungi; Verticillioides; Mycotoxin; Mutagen; Acid; Polyketides
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1074-5521
e-ISSN
1879-1301
Journal
Chemistry and Biology
Quellenangaben
Volume: 20,
Issue: 8,
Pages: 1055-1066
Publisher
Elsevier
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed