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Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
IRF-1 gene variations influence IgE regulation and atopy.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 177, 613-621 (2008)
The development of atopic diseases is characterized by skewed immune responses to common allergens. Only recently, interferons have been identified to play a crucial role in these mechanisms. OBJECTIVES: Because interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1 is critical for interferon expression, we tested the hypotheses that genetic changes in this essential transcription factor may have consequences for the development of atopy. METHODS: The IRF-1 gene locus was resequenced in 80 human chromosomes. Association and haplotype analyses were performed in a cross-sectional study population of German children from Dresden (n = 1,940), and results were replicated in a second population sample from Munich (n = 1,159), both part of the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood) phase II. Promoter polymorphism effects were studied using electrophoretic mobility shift assay and colorimetric binding assays. Allele-specific IRF-1 gene expression was studied in vitro using luciferase reporter assays, whereas we assessed ex vivo expression of IRF-1 by real-time polymerase chain reaction and IFN-gamma protein by Luminex technology (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Statistical analyses were performed using SAS/Genetics (SAS 9.1.3; SAS Institute, Cary, NC). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: By resequencing, 49 polymorphisms were identified within the IRF-1 gene. Four blocks containing 11 polymorphisms were significantly associated with atopy, total IgE levels, or specific IgE levels in both populations (P < 0.05). Two polymorphisms changed transcription factor binding of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and EGR1 (early growth response 1) to the IRF-1 promoter, altered gene expression in vitro (P = 0.0004), and altered IRF-1 mRNA and IFN-gamma protein expression ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that functionally relevant IRF-1 polymorphisms influence atopy risk, potentially by altering transcription factor binding, IRF-1 gene expression, and IFN-gamma regulation.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
asthma; genes; interferons; IRF-1 transcription factor; genetic polymorphism
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1073-449X
e-ISSN
1535-4970
Quellenangaben
Volume: 177,
Issue: 6,
Pages: 613-621
Publisher
American Thoracic Society
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)