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Röhrig, N.* ; Strobl, R.* ; Müller, M.* ; Perz, S. ; Kääb, S.* ; Martens, E.* ; Peters, A. ; Linkohr, B. ; Grill, E.*

Directed acyclic graphs helped to identify confounding in the association of disability and electrocardiographic findings: Results from the KORA-Age study.

J. Clin. Epidemiol. 67, 199-206 (2014)
DOI PMC
Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between electrocardiographic (ECG) findings and disability status in older adults. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: KORA-Age, a population-based cross-sectional study of the MONICA/KORA project, a randomized sample from Southern Germany of people aged 65 years or older. RESULTS: A total of 534 (51.5%) of 1,037 participants were characterized as disabled. Disabled participants were on average 4.5 years older than those who were not disabled. Crude associations of left-axis deviation, ventricular conduction defects, atrial fibrillation, and QT prolongation with disability status were significant (P < 0.05). In models controlled for age and sex, these effects remained constant except for QT prolongation. In the models adjusted for the minimal sufficient adjustment set (consisting of the variables sex, physical activity, age, obesity, diabetes, education, heart diseases, income, lung diseases, and stroke) identified by a directed acyclic graph (DAG), no significant association could be shown. CONCLUSION: Associations between specific ECG findings and disability were found in unadjusted analysis and logistic models adjusted for age and sex. However, when adjusting for other possible confounders identified by the DAG, all these associations were no longer significant. It is important to adequately identify confounding in such settings.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords Aged; Cross-sectional study; Directed acyclic graph (DAG); Disability evaluation; ECG abnormalities; Electrocardiography; Subclinical Cardiovascular-disease; Causal-diagrams; Hdl-cholesterol; Blood-pressure; Oldest-old; Health; Epidemiology; Limitations; Impact; Cohort
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0895-4356
e-ISSN 0895-4356
Journal Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Quellenangaben Volume: 67, Issue: 2, Pages: 199-206 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Elsevier
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI)
Institute of Epidemiology II (EPI2)