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Unacylated ghrelin promotes skeletal muscle regeneration following hindlimb ischemia via SOD-2-mediated miR-221/222 expression.
J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2:e000376 (2013)
BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of peripheral artery disease, even if successful, does not prevent reoccurrence. Under these conditions, increased oxidative stress is a crucial determinant of tissue damage. Given its reported antioxidant effects, we investigated the potential of unacylated-ghrelin (UnAG) to reduce ischemia-induced tissue damage in a mouse model of peripheral artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: We show that UnAG but not acylated ghrelin (AG) induces skeletal muscle regeneration in response to ischemia via canonical p38/mitogen-actived protein kinase signaling UnAG protected against reactive oxygen species-induced cell injuries by inducing the expression of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2) in satellite cells. This led to a reduced number of infiltrating CD68(+) cells and was followed by induction of the myogenic process and a reduction in functional impairment. Moreover, we found that miR-221/222, previously linked to muscle regeneration processes, was up-regulated and negatively correlated with p57(Kip2) expression in UnAG-treated mice. UnAG, unlike AG, promoted cell-cycle entry in satellite cells of mice lacking the genes for ghrelin and its receptor (GHSR1a). UnAG-induced p38/mitogen-actived protein kinase phosphorylation, leading to activation of the myogenic process, was prevented in SOD-2-depleted SCs. By siRNA technology, we also demonstrated that SOD-2 is the antioxidant enzyme involved in the control of miR-221/222-driven posttranscriptional p57(Kip2) regulation. Loss-of-function experiments targeting miR-221/222 and local pre-miR-221/222 injection in vivo confirmed a role for miR-221/222 in driving skeletal muscle regeneration after ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that UnAG-induced skeletal muscle regeneration after ischemia depends on SOD-2-induced miR-221/222 expression and highlight its clinical potential for the treatment of reactive oxygen species-mediated skeletal muscle damage.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
ROS; UnAG; miRNAs; satellite cells; superoxide dismutase‐2; Des-acyl Ghrelin; Peripheral Arterial-disease; Satellite Cell Activation; Oxidative-stress; Self-renewal; In-vitro; P38-alpha/beta Mapk; Limb Ischemia; Stem-cells; Differentiation
e-ISSN
2047-9980
Quellenangaben
Volume: 2,
Issue: 6,
Article Number: e000376
Publisher
Wiley
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Diabetes and Obesity (IDO)