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Gao, Y. ; Ottaway, N.* ; Schriever, S.C. ; Legutko, B. ; García-Cáceres, C. ; de la Fuente, E. ; Mergen, C. ; Bour, S. ; Thaler, J.P.* ; Seeley, R.J.* ; Filosa, J.* ; Stern, J.E.* ; Perez-Tilve, D.* ; Schwartz, M.W.* ; Tschöp, M.H. ; Yi, C.-X.

Hormones and diet, but not body weight, control hypothalamic microglial activity.

Glia 62, 17-25 (2014)
DOI PMC
Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
The arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus plays a key role in sensing metabolic feedback and regulating energy homeostasis. Recent studies revealed activation of microglia in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity (DIO), suggesting a potential pathophysiological role for inflammatory processes within the hypothalamus. To further investigate the metabolic causes and molecular underpinnings of such glial activation, we analyzed the microglial activity in wild-type (WT), monogenic obese ob/ob (leptin deficient), db/db (leptin-receptor mutation), and Type-4 melanocortin receptor knockout (MC4R KO) mice on either a HFD or on standardized chow (SC) diet. Following HFD exposure, we observed a significant increase in the total number of ARC microglia, immunoreactivity of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (iba1-ir), cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68-ir), and ramification of microglial processes. The ob/ob mice had significantly less iba1-ir and ramifications. Leptin replacement rescued these phenomena. The db/db mice had similar iba1-ir comparable with WT mice but had significantly lower CD68-ir and more ramifications than WT mice. After 2 weeks of HFD, ob/ob mice showed an increase of iba1-ir, and db/db mice showed increase of CD68-ir. Obese MC4R KO mice fed a SC diet had comparable iba1-ir and CD68-ir with WT mice but had significantly more ramifications than WT mice. Intriguingly, treatment of DIO mice with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists reduced microglial activation independent of body weight. Our results show that diet type, adipokines, and gut signals, but not body weight, affect the presence and activity levels of hypothalamic microglia in obesity.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords Leptin ; Obesity ; High Calorie Diet; Alzheimers-disease ; Short-term ; Receptor ; Expression ; Cells ; Model ; Gene ; Clearance ; Exendin-4 ; Obesity
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0894-1491
e-ISSN 1098-1136
Journal Glia
Quellenangaben Volume: 62, Issue: 1, Pages: 17-25 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Wiley
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Diabetes and Obesity (IDO)