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Babisch, W.* ; Wolf, K. ; Petz, M.* ; Heinrich, J. ; Cyrys, J. ; Peters, A.

Associations between traffic noise, particulate air pollution, hypertension, and isolated systolic hypertension in adults: The KORA study.

Environ. Health Perspect. 122, 492-498 (2014)

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BACKGROUND: Studies on the association between traffic noise and cardiovascular diseases rarely considered air pollution as a covariate in the analyses. Isolated systolic hypertension has not yet been in the focus of epidemiological noise research. METHODS: The association between traffic noise (road and rail) and the prevalence of hypertension was assessed in two study populations with a total of 4,166 participants aged 25-74 years. Traffic noise (weighted day-night average noise level LDN) at the facade of the dwellings was derived from noise maps. Annual average PM2.5 mass concentrations at residential addresses were estimated by land-use regression. Hypertension was assessed by blood pressure readings, self-reported doctor diagnosed hypertension, and antihypertensive drug intake. RESULTS: In the Greater Augsburg study population, traffic noise and air pollution were not associated with hypertension. In the City of Augsburg population (n = 1,893), where the exposure assessment was more detailed, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a 10-dB(A) increase in noise was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.35), and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.30) after additional adjustment for PM2.5. The adjusted OR for a 1-μg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.30), and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.27) after additional adjustment for noise. For isolated systolic hypertension, the fully adjusted OR for noise was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.86) and for PM2.5 was 1.08 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.34). CONCLUSIONS: Traffic noise and PM2.5 were both associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension. Mutually adjusted associations with hypertension were positive but no longer statistically significant.

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