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Tyrosine phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II CTD is associated with antisense promoter transcription and active enhancers in mammalian cells.
eLife 3:e02105 (2014)
In mammals, the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase (Pol) II consists of 52 conserved heptapeptide repeats containing the consensus sequence Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7. Post-translational modifications of the CTD coordinate the transcription cycle and various steps of mRNA maturation. Here we describe Tyr1 phosphorylation (Tyr1P) as a hallmark of promoter (5' associated) Pol II in mammalian cells, in contrast to what was described in yeast. Tyr1P is predominantly found in antisense orientation at promoters but is also specifically enriched at active enhancers. Mutation of Tyr1 to phenylalanine (Y1F) prevents the formation of the hyper-phosphorylated Pol IIO form, induces degradation of Pol II to the truncated Pol IIB form and results in a lethal phenotype. Our results suggest that Tyr1P has evolved specialized and essential functions in higher eukaryotes associated with antisense promoter and enhancer transcription, and Pol II stability.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Human; Recruitment; Reveals; Threonine-4; Methylation; Initiation; Signature; Sequences; Depletion; Serine-7; Exosome
ISSN (print) / ISBN
2050-084X
e-ISSN
2050-084X
Journal
eLife
Quellenangaben
Volume: 3,
Article Number: e02105
Publisher
eLife Sciences Publications
Publishing Place
Cambridge
Non-patent literature
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Reviewing status
Peer reviewed