Water exposure assessment of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in Three Gorges Reservoir, China using SPMD-based virtual organisms.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Sci. Total Environ. 496, 26-34 (2014)
    
    
 	
    
	
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	    SPMD-based virtual organisms (VOs) were deployed at five to eight sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), China for five periods in 2008, 2009 and 2011. The water exposure of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists was assessed by the VOs. The chosen bioassay response for the extracts of the VOs, the induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) was assayed using a rat hepatoma cell line (H4IIE). The results show that the extracts from the VOs could induce AhR activity significantly, whereas the chemically derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalent (TEQcal) accounted for <11% of the observed AhR responses (TEQbio). Unidentified AhR-active compounds represented a greater proportion of the TCDD equivalent in VOs from TGR. High TEQbio value in diluted extract and low TEQbio in concentrated extract of the same sample was observed suggesting potential non-additive effects in the mixture. The levels of AhR agonists in VOs from upstream TGR were in general higher than those from downstream reservoir, indicating urbanization effect on AhR agonist pollution. The temporal variation showed that levels of AhR agonists in 2009 and 2011 were higher than those in 2008, and the potential non-additive effects in the area close to the dam were also obviously higher in 2009 and 2011 than in 2008, indicating big changes in the composition of pollutants in the area after water level reached a maximum of 175m. Although the aqueous concentration of AhR agonists of 0.8-4.8pgTCDDL(-1) in TGR was not alarming, the tendency of accumulating high concentration of AhR agonists in VO lipid and existence of possible synergism or antagonism in the water may exhibit a potential hazard to local biota being exposed to AhR agonists.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        Erod Activity ; Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants (hocs) ; Non-additive Effect ; Tgr (three Gorges Reservoir) ; Virtual Organisms (vos); Polycyclic Aromatic-hydrocarbons; Dioxin-like Compounds; In-vitro Bioassay; Polychlorinated-biphenyls; Yangtze-river; Ah Receptor; Surface Sediments; Active Compounds; Gene-expression; Waste-water
    
 
    
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        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2014
    
 
    
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        HGF-reported in Year
        2014
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        0048-9697
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1879-1026
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 496,  
	    Issue: ,  
	    Pages: 26-34 
	    Article Number: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Publisher
            Elsevier
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            Amsterdam
        
 
	
        
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        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
     
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30202 - Environmental Health
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Environmental Sciences
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-509100-001
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2014-07-26