Whole-mount preparations and thin sections of human interphase cells and metaphase chromosomes were examined by electron microscopy. Irregularly folded, 250 Å thick fibers, which is the basic substructure of inactive chromatin and mitotic chromosomes, were found to be firmly attached to the annuli of the inner nuclear membrane. At metaphase, fragments of the nuclear membrane were seen to adhere to the chromatids. Single fibers stretching out from the telomeres were observed connecting chromatids of nonhomologous chromosomes. A possible model of DNA replication at the nuclear pore complex is presented.